Design of a High-Coverage Ground-Based CO₂ Monitoring Layout Using a Novel Information Theory-Based Optimization Model

Authors

Parnian Hashempour Bakhtiari, Shiraz University
Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Shiraz University
Foroogh Golkar, Shiraz University
Mojtaba Sadegh, Boise State UniversityFollow
Malik Al-Wardy, Sultan Qaboos University
Ghazi Ali Al-Rawas, Sultan Qaboos University

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-2021

Abstract

Over the past decade, monitoring of the carbon cycle has become a major concern accented by the severe impacts of global warming. Here, we develop an information theory-based optimization model using the NSGA-II algorithm that determines an optimum ground-based CO₂ monitoring layout with the highest spatial coverage using a finite number of stations. The value of information (VOI) concept is used to assess the efficacy of the monitoring stations given their construction cost. In conjunction with VOI, the entropy theory—in terms of transinformation—is adopted to determine the redundant (overlapping) information rendered by the selected monitoring stations. The developed model is used to determine a ground-based CO₂ monitoring layout for Iran, the eighth-ranked country emitting CO₂ worldwide. An NSGA-II optimization model provides a tradeoff curve given the objectives of (1) minimizing the size of monitoring network; (2) maximizing VOI, i.e., spatial coverage; and (3) minimizing transinformation, i.e., overlapping information. Borda count method is then employed to select the most appropriate compromise monitoring layout from the Pareto-front solutions given regional priorities and concerns.

Publication Information

Bakhtiari, Parnian Hashempour; Nikoo, Mohammad Reza; Golkar, Foroogh; Sadegh, Mojtaba; Al-Wardy, Malik; and Al-Rawas, Ghazi Ali. (2021). "Design of a High-Coverage Ground-Based CO₂ Monitoring Layout Using a Novel Information Theory-Based Optimization Model". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(3), 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08933-2