Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-12-2021

Abstract

As a promising alternative to the market-leading lithium-ion batteries, low-cost sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attractive for applications such as large-scale electrical energy storage systems. The energy density, cycling life, and rate performance of SIBs are fundamentally dependent on dynamic physiochemical reactions, structural change, and morphological evolution. Therefore, it is essential to holistically understand SIBs reaction processes, degradation mechanisms, and thermal/mechanical behaviors in complex working environments. The recent developments of advanced in situ and operando characterization enable the establishment of the structure–processing–property–performance relationship in SIBs under operating conditions. This Review summarizes significant recent progress in SIBs exploiting in situ and operando techniques based on X-ray and electron analyses at different time and length scales. Through the combination of spectroscopy, imaging, and diffraction, local and global changes in SIBs can be elucidated for improving materials design. The fundamental principles and state-of-the-art capabilities of different techniques are presented, followed by elaborative discussions of major challenges and perspectives.

Comments

For a complete list of authors, please see the article.

Copyright Statement

This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. This document was originally published in ACS Energy Letters by the American Chemical Society. Copyright restrictions may apply. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01868

Download

Share

COinS