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Document Type

Abstract

Publication Date

1-14-2026

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has the potential to enhance both the efficiency and outcomes of course learning for sports major students. However, no existing research has specifically examined the factors that may influence these students' use of GAI in their course learning. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) proposes that attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) are key determinants of behavioral intention. Additionally, perceived ease of use (PEU) and expectation confirmation have been identified as factors that may be associated with intention. Therefore, this study aimed to test an extended TPB model to explore sports major students' intention to apply GAI in their course learning. This study employed a cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 156 sports major undergraduate students was recruited, with a mean age of 23.52 ± 3.68 years (males = 116, females = 40). Participants completed questionnaires evaluating their AT, SN, PBC, intention, as well as their perceived ease of use and expectation confirmation regarding the use of GAI in their course learning. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), conducted using SmartPLS software, was utilized to examine an extended TPB model. This model incorporated perceived ease of use and expectation confirmation alongside AT, SN, and PBC to collectively predict intention. The results showed that expectation confirmation (p < 0.01, f² = 0.071) and PEU (p < 0.01, f² = 0.065) significantly and positively predicted intention, along with AT (p < 0.01, f² = 0.059), SN (p < 0.01, f² = 0.061), and PBC (p < 0.01, f² = 0.049). Additionally, AT partially mediated the relationship between PEU and intention (VAF=27.7%). Overall, the combination of PEU, PBC, AT, SN, and expectation confirmation explained a substantial proportion of the variance in intention (R² = 0.501). The extended TPB model is expected to be a valuable framework for explaining sports major students' intention to employ GAI in course learning. Universities may consider integrating GAI-related projects and activities into the sports curriculum to enhance students' practical skills and understanding.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.5.1.264.boisestate

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