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Document Type

Abstract

Publication Date

1-14-2026

Abstract

Acceleration is a key determinant of performance in athletics and team sports (e.g., football, rugby). Resisted sprint training has gained significant attention as a method to enhance acceleration, typically through the addition of external resistance, such as sleds or resistance devices. Recent focus has been on heavy resisted sprint training (HRS), defined by resisted loads ≥30% body mass (BM) or ≥30% velocity decrement (Vdec). However, the long-term effects of HRS compared with non-resisted sprint training (NRS) on acceleration performance and kinematic adaptations remain inconclusive. This review with meta-analysis aims to review the current literature on intervention studies investigating the effects of HRS on acceleration performance and kinematics. This review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature was searched up to and including December 30, 2024, using PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Inclusion criteria were applied: (1) a longitudinal study over a minimum of 4 weeks; (2) studies using resistance (sleds, towing devices) and load intensities of ≥30% BM or ≥30% Vdec; (3) measurement of acceleration(030m) measured in (s) with a minimum distance of 5 m, or kinematic changes such as stride length, stride frequency, contact time, and flight time; (4) peer-reviewed studies. Eleven studies were included in this review, assessing changes in acceleration performance and kinematics. Results showed that HRS enhanced stride length, stride frequency, and 10-m sprint performance (P < 0.05low heterogeneity). HRS showed significant improvements in 10-m sprint performance compared to NRS. However, no significant improvement was observed in kinematics such as gait and joint angles (trunk angle, hip angle, and push-off angle) (P > 0.05). Our findings align with existing literature, confirming that HRS provides an effective load stimulus for enhancing acceleration performance. Specifically, HRS significantly improves sprint performance in the initial 10 m of acceleration by optimizing stride length or frequency. Heavier loads can facilitate a more horizontal force application, contributing to improved acceleration. However, compared to NRS, the performance-enhancing benefits of HRS have not been demonstrated. Differences between studies were primarily attributed to the participants’ performance level, training duration, and cycles, and targeted sprint phases (start, acceleration, or maximal speed). We recommend individualizing optimal loads and training volumes based on athlete characteristics and sport-specific demands. Future research should focus on optimizing resistance load based on athletes' initial speed and strength levels, as well as their training cycle phase.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.5.1.252.boisestate

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