Analysis and Characterization of Printed Inks for Flexible Electronics
Faculty Mentor Information
Atik Ishrak, Boise State University; Joy Morin, Boise State University; and Dr. Karthik Chinnathambi, Boise State University
Presentation Date
7-15-2026
Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials such as Terfenol-D and Galfenol have significant potential for use in sensors, actuators, and structural health monitoring systems due to their ability to convert magnetic energy into mechanical strain. However, oxidation during processing or environmental exposure can alter their microstructure and degrade magnetic performance, making characterization of oxide formation essential. My research analyzes the oxidation behavior of additively manufactured Terfenol-D through microstructural and compositional analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Samples exposed to different environmental conditions, including controlled glovebox storage and ambient air, were compared to determine the extent and distribution of oxygen and identify regions susceptible to oxidation. EDS quantitative analysis was used to evaluate changes in oxygen concentration and correlate them with potential oxide formation. In addition, SEM imaging and EDS elemental mapping were performed on Galfenol samples to identify the presence and spatial distribution of the magnetostrictive alloy within printed structures. These characterization techniques provide insight into the effects of oxidation on rare-earth magnetostrictive materials while guiding the optimization of additive manufacturing and post-processing parameters, including sintering temperature, processing atmosphere, and sample containment methods. Ultimately, this work supports the development of improved processing strategies that minimize oxidation and enhance the reliability and performance of magnetostrictive components for harsh-environment sensing and actuator applications.
Analysis and Characterization of Printed Inks for Flexible Electronics
Magnetostrictive materials such as Terfenol-D and Galfenol have significant potential for use in sensors, actuators, and structural health monitoring systems due to their ability to convert magnetic energy into mechanical strain. However, oxidation during processing or environmental exposure can alter their microstructure and degrade magnetic performance, making characterization of oxide formation essential. My research analyzes the oxidation behavior of additively manufactured Terfenol-D through microstructural and compositional analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Samples exposed to different environmental conditions, including controlled glovebox storage and ambient air, were compared to determine the extent and distribution of oxygen and identify regions susceptible to oxidation. EDS quantitative analysis was used to evaluate changes in oxygen concentration and correlate them with potential oxide formation. In addition, SEM imaging and EDS elemental mapping were performed on Galfenol samples to identify the presence and spatial distribution of the magnetostrictive alloy within printed structures. These characterization techniques provide insight into the effects of oxidation on rare-earth magnetostrictive materials while guiding the optimization of additive manufacturing and post-processing parameters, including sintering temperature, processing atmosphere, and sample containment methods. Ultimately, this work supports the development of improved processing strategies that minimize oxidation and enhance the reliability and performance of magnetostrictive components for harsh-environment sensing and actuator applications.