Geosciences Research Data
Images from series: Geosciences Research Data

Dataset for UAV-Based Quantification of Lahar Channel Dynamics at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

This study quantifies erosional and depositional processes for secondary lahars at intermediate distances (~5-10 km) from the summit of Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala over the 2021 rainy season in the Las Lajas drainage. Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala erupts pyroclastic material in small Strombolian eruptions occurring every ~10 minutes as well as during paroxysmal eruptions producing larger pyroclastic currents at intervals from months to years. This intermediate distance is commonly where lahars impact infrastructure, agricultural resources, and can threaten local populations. A study region 5-10 km from the summit was surveyed with an Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at semi-regular monthly time intervals. Acquired imagery was processed into time-lapse structure from motion digital elevation models and stitched together to cover the target region. Repeat missions were differenced to find volumetric changes to time lapse digital elevation models. Analysis of morphological changes is binned in 500 m sections to track the evolution of the channel over time. This study’s objective is to determine how much material is mobilized by lahars during a typical rainy season at Fuego (May through October), and how that movement changes the morphology of the drainage. The largest secondary lahar volume changes at Fuego were a net 493 m^3/day loss in the upper reach and a net 438 m^3/day gain in the lower reach. The natural channel constriction and immediate widening of Las Lajas controls the behavior and stability of the stream below that point. Above that point, the channel is downcutting and meandering within an old flood plain, which was filled by a set of pyroclastic currents in 2018 spanning 16 hours with the main phase accounting for 5 hours, causing a diversion from the previous flow path.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/geo_data/7

Dataset for Surface Soil Property and Processes Following the 2015 Soda Fire at the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory in SW Idaho

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and extent in the Western United States with climate change and expansion of invasive plant species. On August 10, 2015, the Soda Fire initiated and burned 113,000 hectares (279,000 acres) of sagebrush steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho; it was contained on August 22, 2015. Approximately 29% of the RCEW CZO was burned, and fire severity was rated predominately moderate severity in the areas of study. Aboveground biomass was largely eliminated by the fire. Given the focus of the RCEW CZO on improving prediction and understanding of soil carbon at the pedon to landscape scale, the Soda Fire provided a unique opportunity to ask examine how fire alters soil carbon pools and processes and their recovery. We selected two catchments, one that had been burned and one that had remained unburned and held other state factors such as granite parent material, climate, topography and vegetation relatively constant. We measured soil surface properties and processes (0-2 cm depth) at 2 and 37-months post-fire, at four paired plant-interplant locations on north- and south-facing aspects in each of these catchments. We report soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC) (%), soil nitrogen (N) (%) and isotopes of C and N, modeled bulk density, pyrogenic carbon, soil inorganic carbon, and isotopes of carbonate. We also report carbon mineralization incubation experiments where we incubated soils at 60% water holding capacity for 4 hr for 4 days total to determine potential carbon mineralization rates and cumulative carbon mineralized.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/reynoldscreek/28

Dataset for 1 m Resolution Snow Depth, Topographical, and Vegetation Structural Metrics

The dataset is a collection of 1m resolution snow depth, elevation, aspect, slope, canopy percent cover, canopy height, foliage height diversity (FHD) with 0.5 m, 1 m, and 2 m voxel sizes. We processed lidar data of Grand Mesa, Colorado, representing a data collection effort by the NASA SnowEx campaign. Using the data we investigate how structural diversity and topography affect snow depth patterns. Snow depth is computed by snow-off and snow-on dataset from September 2016 and February 2020, respectively. Snow-off lidar data were collected by the Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO), lidar system created by NASA/JPL. Snow-on lidar data are provided by Quantum Spatial as a part of the NASA SnowEx (https://snow.nasa.gov/campaigns/snowex) campaign in 2020.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/bcal_data/6

Dataset for Experimental Variation in Maximum Soil Depth Controls Near-Surface Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling

Soil depth to bedrock or impermeable layer can vary greatly, contributing to landscape heterogeneity that may yield strong control on near-surface soil biogeochemical processes. We experimentally manipulate soil depth (i.e. control volume), water inputs, and plant functional type, and quantified the response of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils 0-10 cm deep for a cold desert ecosystem. Soil moisture was consistently greater in 0.5 m vs. 2 m control volumes. However, the coefficient of variation for soil moisture pools trended significantly higher with less effective precipitation in 0.5 m control volumes, whereas 2 m profile soil moisture pools remained relatively constant and well buffered. Net N mineralization was 1.24× greater in 0.5 vs. 2 m control volumes during dry conditions but decreased in a cold wet year. Net N mineralization also varied between native shrub-steppe vs. exotic bunchgrass during the wet spring. Net nitrification rates were 4.8× greater in 0.5 vs. 2 m control volumes and were positively correlated with surface soil moisture content. Mean profile δ13C values were significantly more enriched (0.8‰) in 2 vs. 0.5 m control volumes, reflecting greater plant-water limitation. Mean profile δ15N values were 0.8‰ more enriched in 0.5 vs. 2 m control volumes, indicating enhanced pathways of N cycling and loss. Total C and N pools were 1.56× and 1.23× greater, respectively, in 0.5 vs. 2 m control volumes.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/reynoldscreek/27

Dataset for Optimizing Process-Based Models to Predict Current and Future Soil Organic Carbon Stocks at High-Resolution

Soil carbon (C) management and mitigation policies are reliant on estimates of soil C stocks, especially at fine spatial scales. However, given enduring data limitations, statistical models used for such estimates are limited in their ability to predict the underlying composition and vulnerability of soil C to global change. Here we show that an optimized, process-based model is uniquely suited to fill this gap. We parameterize the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model with spatially-explicit data across the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in SW Idaho, USA, and illustrate that data-constrained model parameterization can reduce uncertainty in total soil C stocks (r=0.82 for an independent dataset). We produce the first high-resolution (10 m2) estimates of soil C stocks (including litter, microbial, particulate, and protected C pools) to a depth of 30 cm across the entire watershed (239 km2), and predict their respective vulnerabilities to a suite of environmental disturbances. Generating high-resolution estimates of soil C stocks and measurable underlying pools, are a critical step towards understanding soil C storage and vulnerability, and informing land management under a changing climate.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/reynoldscreek/26

Dataset for Dynamic Mass Loss from Greenland's Peripheral Glaciers

While global glacier mass balance has decreased rapidly over the last two decades, mass loss has been greatest in regions with marine-terminating glaciers. In Greenland, peripheral glaciers and ice caps (GICs) cover only ~5% of Greenland’s area but contributed ~14-20% of the island’s ice mass loss between 2003-2008. Although Greenland GIC’s mass loss due to surface meltwater runoff have been estimated using atmospheric models, mass loss due to changes in ice discharge into surrounding ocean basins (i.e., dynamic mass loss) remains unquantified. Here, we use the flux gate method to estimate discharge from Greenland’s 585 marine-terminating peripheral glaciers and compute dynamic mass loss as the discharge anomaly relative to the 1985-1998 period. Greenland GIC discharge averages 2.5 Gt/yr from 1985-1998 and abruptly increases to an average of 5.1 Gt/yr from 1999-2018, indicating a -2.6 Gt/yr mass anomaly. This mass loss is driven by synchronous widespread acceleration around Greenland and, unlike the ice sheet, it is not primarily caused by changes in discharge from a small number of glaciers with very large discharge. These estimates indicate that although Greenland GICs are small, they are sensitive to changes in climate and should not be overlooked in future analyses of glacier dynamics and mass loss.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/geo_data/5

Dataset for Methods to Model Antecedent Effects on Soil Respiration in a Cold Desert Ecosystem

Soil carbon is the largest terrestrial carbon (C) store but remains a large source of uncertainty in C storage models due to high temporal and spatial variability, and a lack of process understanding. Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes are especially difficult in desert ecosystems exhibiting pulses of biogeochemical cycling regulated by antecedent soil conditions. Using the soil CO2 gradient method and measures of soil physical and hydrologic properties, we present a soil respiration model for a cold desert climate and which incorporates antecedent controls on CO2 emissions using Bayesian methods. Soil properties and CO2 measurements between October 2016-2018 were taken from a catchment at 2111 m elevation within the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory (CZO). Mean annual precipitation is snow-dominated and averages 800 mm. Mean annual temperature is 5.6 °C. Vegetation is dominated by various sub-species of sagebrush. Lithology was derived from basalt and Rhyolitic welded tuff. Soil CO2, soil moisture, and soil temperature sensors at 5 depths within the soil profile recorded every 30 minutes from October 2016 to June 2018. Rates of CO2 efflux and production used modeled soil porosity and hydraulic characteristics to account for changes in diffusivity with variable soil moisture.

Dataset for Relationship Between Plant and Soil Isotopes and Climate in a Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystem of Southern Idaho

The overarching goal of this study is to better understand the relationship between plant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic signatures and climate in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Additionally, this study seeks to a) determine how plant isotopic data in the sampled ecosystem compare with global patterns with respect to broader climate gradients; and b) evaluate any additional effects on plant isotopic compositions due to soil attributes (chemical, physical). Climatic effects on C and N isotopes were analyzed by examining plant and soil samples across a climatic gradient within the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory (RCCZO) (comprised of the USDA ARS Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed) located in the Owyhee Mountains in southwestern Idaho. Sampling focused on two subwatersheds (Johnston Draw and Whiskey Hills) in July 2015. Soil cores were obtained from both plant and interplant spaces, with a total of 480 samples (120 cores at 4 depth intervals). Samples of plants (n=120) present at each core location were collected at the same time soils were obtained to allow for evaluating relationships between soil and plant processes. At each plant location, samples consist of sagebrush foliar tissue, while samples from interplant plots often consisted of a mixture of grasses and forbs. Soil data include soil moisture, gravimetric water content, soil organic matter, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, percent carbon and nitrogen, initial/final/potential nitrate concentration, initial/final/potential ammonium concentration, net nitrification rate, potential net nitrification rate, net mineralization rate, potential net mineralization rate, and pH. Note: the majority of extractions for ammonium concentrations were contaminated so ammonium (and thus mineralization) data is largely unavailable for this study. Plant data includes stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and percent carbon and nitrogen for sagebrush foliar tissues (perennial leaves only).

Dataset for Estimating Surface Water Presence and Streamflow of Ephemeral and Intermittent Streams in Southwest US

Streamflow in arid and semi-arid regions is predominantly temporary but of significant importance for groundwater recharge and biogeochemical processes. However, temporary streamflow regimes remain poorly quantified. We use electrical resistance sensors and USGS stream gauge data to quantify streamflow intermittency as streamflow presence and water presence, which includes streamflow, ponding and soil moisture, in 13 southern Arizona streams spanning a climate gradient (mean annual precipitation from 160 to 750 mm). The monitoring washes were located in largely undisturbed military facilities, long term ecological research areas and a nature preserve. The most arid study washes, Black Gap (BG) and Sauceda Wash (SW), were located within the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Base near Gila Bend, Arizona in the Lower Gila River Basin. Two semi-arid study washes were located on the Santa Rita Experimental Range near Sahuarita, Arizona in the Santa Cruz River Basin (SS and SR). Nine study sites were located on the Huachuca Mountains near Sierra Vista, Arizona and form part of the San Pedro River Basin. The study sites were located along 3 distinct elevations in 3 canyons: Huachuca Canyon and Garden Canyon which are located within the Fort Huachuca Army Post; and Ramsey Canyon, within the Nature Conservancy’s Ramsey Canyon Preserve. We established three cross-sectional transects 100 m apart at each reach, except Sauceda and Black Gap Washes where there were 5 transects, and installed electrical resistance sensors (TidbiT v2 UTBI-001 data logger, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) at the thalweg of each cross-sectional transect to identify surface water presence frequency and duration. The electrical resistance sensors were temperature sensors modified as outlined in Blasch et al. (2002), with 2 electrical leads exposed. We followed the method outlined by Jaeger and Olden (2012) to identify the onset and cessation of runoff. In brief, the onset of runoff is marked by the sudden and rapid increase in the relative electrical conductivity (EC) signal to a less negative or a positive number, while the termination of streamflow is also marked by a similarly sudden shift in the EC signal back to a more negative signal. In this study, EC = -94 indicates dry conditions. We were also able to quantify the duration of surface water presence as moist soil or ponded water because the EC signal for runoff is distinct from that of a moist soil and soil-drying conditions. Raw EC data and derived daily summaries of streamflow and water presence are reported.

Dataset on Soil Physio-Chemical Properties and Seasonal Moisture and Nutrient Dynamics in Temporary Stream Channels and Contributing Uplands in Arizona, USA

Ephemeral and intermittent streams are increasing with climate and land use changes, and alteration in stream water presence or flow duration will likely affect soil nutrient dynamics in channel and riparian zones more than dryland uplands. To investigate the influence of varying climate and stream flow regimes on associated soil nutrient dynamics, we monitored soil moisture and nutrient dynamics over an 18-month period across a range of ephemeral to seasonally- intermittent stream reaches (13) and landscape positions (channel, riparian, upland) in Arizona, USA. The monitoring reaches were located in largely undisturbed military facilities, long term ecological research areas and a nature preserve. The most arid study washes, Black Gap (BG) and Sauceda Wash (SW), were located within the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Base near Gila Bend, Arizona in the Lower Gila River Basin. Two semi-arid study washes were located on the Santa Rita Experimental Range near Sahuarita, Arizona in the Santa Cruz River Basin (SS and SR). Nine study sites were located on the Huachuca Mountains near Sierra Vista, Arizona and form part of the San Pedro River Basin. The study sites were located along 3 distinct elevations in 3 canyons: Huachuca Canyon and Garden Canyon which are located within the Fort Huachuca Army Post; and Ramsey Canyon, within the Nature Conservancy’s Ramsey Canyon Preserve. We established three cross-sectional transects 100 m apart at each reach, except Sauceda and Black Gap Washes, where there were 5 transects. We measured soil physio-chemical characteristics including bulk density, particle size distribution, % carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and isotopes. We monitored seasonal soil moisture, soil exchangeable N and phosphorus pools and N transformation rates using both soil extractions and incubations, wet up experiments, as well as in-situ ion exchange resin bags. Site description and soil data are available over an 18 month period and can be associated with decomposition data and streamflow data sets.

Dataset on Rates of In-situ Litter Decomposition across a Range of Ephemeral to Seasonally-Intermittent Stream Reaches and Landscape Positions in Arizona, USA

Ephemeral and intermittent streams are increasing with climate and land use changes, and alteration in stream water presence or flow duration will likely affect litter decomposition in channel and riparian zones more than dryland uplands. To investigate the influence of varying climate and stream flow regimes on rates of decomposition, we used a space-for-time substitution design and deployed common leaf litter over an 18-month period across a range of ephemeral to seasonally- intermittent stream reaches (10) and landscape positions (channel, riparian, upland) in Arizona, USA. The monitoring reaches were located in largely undisturbed military facilities, long term ecological research areas and a nature preserve. The most arid study washes, Black Gap (BG) and Sauceda Wash (SW), were located within the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Base near Gila Bend, Arizona in the Lower Gila River Basin. Nine study sites were located on the Huachuca Mountains near Sierra Vista, Arizona and form part of the San Pedro River Basin. The study sites were located along 3 distinct elevations in 3 canyons: Huachuca Canyon and Garden Canyon which are located within the Fort Huachuca Army Post; and Ramsey Canyon, within the Nature Conservancy’s Ramsey Canyon Preserve (one was later dropped owing to a fire). We established three cross-sectional transects 100 m apart at each reach, except Sauceda and Black Gap Washes where there were 5 transects, and installed electrical resistance sensors (TidbiT v2 UTBI-001 data logger, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) at the thalweg of each cross-sectional transect to identify surface water presence frequency and duration. Consistent with expectations, rates of litter decomposition (k) decreased significantly in the channels as cumulative percentage (%) of water presence decreased below 40%. Indeed, differences in cumulative duration of water presence as well as channel bed material silt content explained 79% of the variation in k across flow regimes. Collectively, our findings suggest that rates of decomposition in intermittent stream channels will decrease with reduced duration of stream flow and water presence whereas rates in riparian zones will be less responsive to changes in climate and associated subsidies of stream flow.

Data for Vegetation Maps for Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) for the Year 2015

The sparse canopy cover and large contribution of bright background soil, along with the heterogeneous vegetation types in close proximity are common challenges for mapping dryland vegetation with remote sensing. Consequently, the results of a single classification algorithm or one type of sensor to characterize dryland vegetation typically show low accuracy and lack robustness. In our study, we improve classification accuracy in a semi-arid ecosystem based on the use of vegetation optical (hyperspectral) and structural (lidar) information combined with the environmental characteristics of the landscape. To accomplish this goal we used both spectral angle mapper (SAM) and multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) for optical vegetation classification. Lidar-derived maximum vegetation height and delineated riparian zones were then used to modify the optical classification. Incorporating the lidar information into the classification scheme increased the overall accuracy from 60% to 89%. Canopy structure can have a strong influence on spectral variability and the lidar provided complementary information for SAM's sensitivity to shape but not magnitude of the spectra. Similar approaches to map large regions of drylands with low uncertainty may be readily implemented with unmixing algorithms applied to upcoming space-based imaging spectroscopy and lidar. As such, widespread studies to develop and understand the nuances associated with these approaches will enable efficient adoption and application.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/bcal_data/5

A Human-Environment Systems Approach to Outdoor Recreation, Human Biological Stress, and Landscape Aesthetics

Outdoor recreation, as the intersection between physical exercise and nature, provides a multitude of psychological and physiological benefits to human well-being. Though many studies have reported qualitative stress reduction from outdoor recreation, few have focused on quantitative measurements of stress across recreational activity types, intrapersonal differences, and environmental variables. To determine whether outdoor recreation affects physiology, we collected 190 paired salivary cortisol and testosterone samples and 157 surveys from 88 hikers, 81 mountain bikers, and 44 off-highway vehicle (OHV) motorists. After recreation, cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced in hikers and OHV motorists, but cortisol and testosterone concentrations increased in mountain bikers. These three recreational activity types also significantly differed in motivation and wildlife observations, which could be additional mechanisms of physiological change. Out of all three recreation types, hikers were most motivated by environmental variables. To test how the environment could be affecting hikers, we evaluated the impact of landscape aesthetic perceptions and land cover types on hiker spatial movement and stress relief. Using data from 58 GPS tracks, we found that salivary cortisol was significantly reduced when hikers walked through riparian areas. Hiker cortisol also decreased after recreating in areas they perceived as aesthetically pleasing. Aesthetic quality influenced hiker spatial movement, with hikers choosing to recreate in high-aesthetic high-wildlife observance riparian areas. Though hiker movement and stress were not related to the intensity of visitor use, wildlife observations decreased with greater recreational utilization. Hikers, however, did not perceive any negative impact from their recreational activities. Despite the different forms of recreational activity, outdoor recreation has potential to benefit human well-being. In addition, managing recreational land for ecosystem health and wildlife may enhance well-being benefits, as well as serving a role in the conservation of wild lands.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/miles_data/25

Dataset for Sequestration of Soil Inorganic Carbon and Potential Sources in a Cold-Desert Ecosystem

Dryland ecosystems are experiencing more variability and extremes in rainfall and disproportionate shifts in plant community composition, both likely to alter soil carbon (C) cycling and storage. Although most studies focus on changes in soil organic C (SOC) pools, inorganic C (SIC) pools in drylands are susceptible to disturbances and may represent an important sink. We report changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) isotopic values in the top 1 m of soil profiles following ~20 years of experimental manipulation of water availability and vegetation within a cold-desert ecosystem. The changes in C isotopic values correspond to reported changes in SOC and SIC pools relative to ambient controls. We used a split plot design (n = 3) contrasting vegetation types (split plot), either native Artemisia tridentata spp. tridentata (big sagebrush) communities or monocultures of Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), a non-native bunchgrass, in manipulations of spring/fall (DORM) or summer (GROW) water availability (whole-plot) all stratified by under-plant vs. inter-plant patch microsite. Despite increases in pedogenic SIC pools in inter-plant patches, under crested wheatgrass in DORM treatments, and under sagebrush in GROW treatments, we detected little corresponding change in SIC-δ13C or δ18O values. Average SIC-δ13C or δ18O values were -4.12 and -13.10‰, respectively, and suggest a mixture of atmospheric and respired carbon dioxide (CO2) sources and groundwater HCO3-. Both SIC and SOC-δ13C values were more depleted in GROW treatments (∆13C = -0.10 and -0.5‰ respectively), while SIC-δ18O values were more enriched (∆18O = 0.02‰). SIC-δ13C profiles became more enriched in surface horizons and deleted at depth relative to ambient. SIC- δ18O values were enriched in surface horizons under crested wheatgrass but not sagebrush. We conclude that both change in the timing and availability of water, and vegetation can change SIC storage and potentially the relative mixture of C sources. However, suitable methods for assessing SIC-C sources with changing storage in native soils are lacking and limit our understanding of SIC in the changing global C budget. Further methodological development is required along with long-term experimental manipulations geared for testing the role of SIC in C sequestration on human timescales.

Long-Term, Continuous Four-Component Solar Radiation Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

DCEW provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous thesis and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/dcew_data/17

Basic Seismic Utilities Software

Source code, documentation, and some compiled binary packages for seismic data processing. The software is open source, GNU General Public License.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/geo_data/3

Dataset for Change in Carbon Storage for Cold Desert Ecosystems Controlled by Precipitation Seasonality and Invasive Vegetation

Dryland ecosystems are experiencing more variability and extremes in rainfall and disproportionate shifts in plant community composition, both likely to alter soil carbon (C) cycling and storage. Despite these trends, we lack long-term experimental data that facilitates predicting shifts in ecosystem function with climate change. This dataset records changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) storage in the top 1 m of soil profiles following 19 years of experimental manipulation of rainfall and vegetation within a cold-desert ecosystem. A split plot design was employed (n = 3) and included 1) contrasting vegetation types (split plots), either native Artemisia tridentata spp. tridentata (big sagebrush) communities or monocultures of Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), a non-native bunchgrass, and 2) manipulations of spring/fall or summer rainfall (whole plots). We further stratified the plots by under-plant vs. inter-plant patches. Soil C responses to long-term rainfall treatments varied by vegetation type. Long-term summer rainfall treatments significantly increased both SOC and SIC pools under A. tridentata, with total carbon (TC) pools 1.15 × ambient controls (P = 0.02). Carbon pools in spring/fall rainfall treatments significantly decreased, with TC pools 0.80 × ambient (P = 0.05) due to losses of inorganic carbon. In contrast, A. cristatum increased in SOC but lost SIC in response to both summer and spring/fall rainfall additions, resulting in no change to a slight gain in TC pools (P = 0.29). Both SOC and SIC pools in inter-plant spaces increased with summer rainfall treatments and decreased with spring/fall rainfall regardless of vegetation type. In contrast to most studies that only examine surface soils (0-0.1 m), our findings indicate that increases in cool-season rainfall will cause A. tridentata communities to become a net C source, whereas A. cristatum monocultures may become C sinks – largely due to tradeoffs between SOC and SIC pools. We conclude that consideration of vegetation type, the entire vertical profile, and both organic and inorganic C forms are imperative to predicting responses of dryland ecosystems to changing climate.

Data for Partitioned Carbon and Energy Fluxes within the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory

Observations of ecosystem processes across gradients provide invaluable information on the effects of potential shifts in the observed gradient. Ongoing observations from a network of four eddy covariance systems are available to quantify water and carbon fluxes along a climate/elevation gradient within a sagebrush ecosystem. The network is part of the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory located in southwestern Idaho, USA and contributes to ongoing long-term environmental research and monitoring by the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed. The sites include a Wyoming big sagebrush site, a low sagebrush site, a post-fire mountain big sagebrush site, and a mountain big sagebrush site located at elevations ranging from of 1425 to 2111 m. Climate variation follows the montane elevation gradient; mean annual precipitation at the sites varies from 290 to 795 mm, and mean annual temperature ranges from is 9.1 to 5.4°C. Annual Gross Ecosystem Production (GEP) for the sites averaged 349, 555, and 814 gC/m2, respectively for the first two years of observation. Annual Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) indicated that the Wyoming big sagebrush site at the lowest elevation was nearly carbon-neutral for 2015, while the other sites had a net flux of 110 to 150 gC/m2 to the ecosystem during the first two years.

Dataset for Predicting Soil Thickness on Soil Mantled Hillslopes

Soil thickness is a fundamental variable in many earth science disciplines but difficult to predict. We find a strong inverse linear relationship between soil depth and hillslope curvature (r2=0.89, RMSE=0.17 m) at a field site in Idaho. Similar relationships are present across a diverse data set, although the slopes and y-intercepts vary widely. We show that the slopes of these functions vary with the standard deviations (SD) in catchment curvatures and that the catchment curvature distributions are centered on zero. Our simple empirical model predicts the spatial distribution of soil depth in a variety of catchments based only on high-resolution elevation data and a few soil depths. Spatially continuous soil depth datasets enable improved models for soil carbon, hydrology, weathering and landscape evolution.

1994-2004 SEGY Seismic Data Archive from Paul Michaels Sabbatical

The archive consists of seismic data collected during 10+ years. The format is SEGY (see Society of Exploration Geophysicists). Included are refraction, surface wave, and down-hole surveys conducted for a variety of clients. Projects represented include bridge foundation studies, slope stability, and groundwater studies including the determination of viscous damping. Academic papers can be found on Scholar Works under the authorship of Paul Michaels. Projects are stored in ZIP archives. Basic Seismic Utilities software can be used to convert data to other formats or generate base maps in CAD format.

Raster Data for Projecting Urban Expansion in the Treasure Valley (Idaho) to Year 2100 Under Different Scenarios of Population Growth and Housing Density

These data illustrate and describe the results of the research project "Projecting Urban Expansion in the Treasure Valley to Year 2100 Under Different Scenarios of Population Growth and Housing Density." More information about this project can be viewed at the project website: <a target="_blank"
Revision Note 10/26/2017: The figures and white paper previously included in this submission have been moved to the project website.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/miles_data/23

Soil Moisture and Temperature Along an Elevation, Paired-Aspect Transect, Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, SW Idaho, 2008-2018

Paired-aspect monitoring sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, SW Idaho, provide soil moisture and temperature data from four soil pits per each of eight sites. For elevation scaling, the four aspect-paired sites are located at apprx 1130, 1290, 1460, 1820 meters above MSL, spanning grass-shrub to forested environments within steeply sloped terrain. Data sets published here span 2008-current and will extend through 2018 as these data become available. The eight sites and locations in LAT/LONG are:

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/dcew_data/16

Data Associated with 'Coupling Biophysical Processes and Water Rights to Simulate Spatially Distributed Water Use in an Intensively Managed Hydrologic System'

Humans have significantly altered the redistribution of water in intensively managed hydrologic systems, shifting the spatiotemporal patterns of surface water. Evaluating water availability requires integration of hydrologic processes and associated human influences. In this study, we summarize the development and evaluation of an extensible hydrologic model that explicitly integrates water rights to spatially distribute irrigation waters in a semi-arid agricultural region in the western US, using the Envision integrated modeling platform. The model captures both human and biophysical systems, particularly the diversion of water from the Boise River, which is the main water source that supports irrigated agriculture in this region. In agricultural areas, water demand is estimated as a function of crop type and local environmental conditions. Surface water to meet crop demand is diverted from the stream reaches, constrained by the amount of water available in the stream, the water rights appropriated amount, and the priority dates associated with particular places of use. Results, measured by flow rates at gaged stream and canal locations within the study area, suggest that the impacts of irrigation activities on the magnitude and timing of flows through this intensively managed system are well captured. The multi-year averaged diverted water from the Boise River matches observations well, reflecting the appropriation of water according to the water rights database. Because of the spatially explicit implementation of surface water diversion, the model can help diagnose places and times where water resources are likely insufficient.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/miles_data/22

Data Set for Acoustic and Seismic Fields of Hydraulic Jumps at Varying Froude Numbers

This data is being submitted to fulfill requirements for a publication submission to Geophysical Research Letters. The manuscript's abstract is below. Mechanisms that produce seismic and acoustic wavefields near rivers are poorly understood because of a lack of observations relating temporally dependent river conditions to the near-river seismo-acoustic fields. This controlled study at the Harry W. Morrison Dam (HWMD) on the Boise River, Idaho explores how temporal variation in fluvial systems affects surrounding acoustic and seismic fields. Adjusting the configuration of the HWMD changed the river bathymetry and therefore the form of the standing wave below the dam. The HWMD was adjusted to generate four distinct wave regimes that were parameterized through their dimensionless Froude numbers (Fr) and observations of the ambient seismic and acoustic wavefields at the study site. To generate detectable and coherent signals a standing wave must exceed a threshold Fr value of 1.7, where a non-breaking undular jump turns into a breaking weak hydraulic jump. The spectral content of the seismic and acoustic energies may partially be controlled by hydrodynamic processes. Furthermore, spectra related to reproducible wave conditions can be used to calibrate and verify fluvial seismic and acoustic models.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/eslab_data/1

Long-Term, Continuous Air Temperature Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly air temperature data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/dcew_data/6

Long-Term, Continuous Stream Discharge Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly stream discharge data for seven stream flow measurement sites in DCEW.

Revision Note 5/24/2018: Please review the included PDF for details.

Long-Term, Continuous Stream Temperature Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly stream temperature data for seven stream flow measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Precipitation Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly precipitation data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Solar Radiation (Incoming Shortwave) Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly solar radiation data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Net Radiation Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized these data. This data set provides continuous hourly net radiation (incoming shortwave and longwave minus outgoing shortwave and longwave) data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

July 20, 2018: This net radiation data set, for five meteorologic measurement stations in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, replaces that published in 2017 as a cumulative time series data set. Errors were found in the originally published data sets and corrected as described in an included Readme file.

All net radiation data published herein, as sourced from NR-LITE sensors and/or as calculated from 4 Component Radiation sensors, is hourly average net radiation.

Long-Term, Continuous Relative Humidity Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly relative humidity data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Wind Direction Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly wind direction data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Wind Speed Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly wind speed data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Long-Term, Continuous Snow Depth Time Series from Measurement Sites in Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho

Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) provides long-term environmental time series data to support hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research. Numerous theses and peer-reviewed publications have utilized this data. This dataset provides continuous hourly snow depth data for five measurement sites in DCEW.

Soil Moisture,Temperature, Electrical Conductivity and Heat Flux Hourly Data for Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho, Bogus Ridge Weather Station

The Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho provides long-term environmental time series data to support ongoing hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research and publication. Numerous theses, peer-reviewed publications and modeling efforts utilize these datasets. The dataset described here contains long-term, continuous soil data (moisture, temperature, conductivity) from multi-pit Bogus Ridge Weather Station in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho. Additional data will be appended to this dataset on an annual basis.

Soil Moisture and Temperature Hourly Data for Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho, Lower Deer Point Weather Station

The Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho provides long-term environmental time series data to support ongoing hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research and publication. Numerous theses, peer-reviewed publications and modeling efforts utilize these datasets. The dataset described here contains long-term, continuous soil data (moisture, temperature) from Lower Deer Point Weather Station in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho. Additional data will be appended to this dataset on an annual basis.

Soil Moisture and Temperature Hourly Data for Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho, Lower Weather Station

The Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho provides long-term environmental time series data to support ongoing hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research and publication. Numerous theses, peer-reviewed publications and modeling efforts utilize these datasets. The dataset described here contains long-term, continuous soil data (moisture, temperature) from the multi-pit Lower Weather Station in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho. Additional data will be appended to this dataset on an annual basis.

Soil Moisture and Temperature Hourly Data for Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho, Shingle Creek Ridge Weather Station

The Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho provides long-term environmental time series data to support ongoing hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research and publication. Numerous theses, peer-reviewed publications and modeling efforts utilize these datasets. The dataset described here contains long-term, continuous soil data (moisture, temperature) from Shingle Creek Ridge Weather Station in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho. Additional data will be appended to this dataset on an annual basis.

Soil Moisture and Temperature Hourly Data for Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwest Idaho, Treeline Weather Station

The Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho provides long-term environmental time series data to support ongoing hydrometerologic, ecosystem and climate change research and publication. Numerous theses, peer-reviewed publications and modeling efforts utilize these datasets. The dataset described here contains long-term, continuous soil data (moisture, temperature) from multi-pit Treeline Weather Station in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) in Southwest Idaho. Additional data will be appended to this dataset on an annual basis.

Data for Trace Chemical Evaluation of Cloud Seeding in the Payette Basin Idaho

"Glaciogenic cloud seeding with silver iodide (AgI) has been used to enhance precipitation for over 60 years. Assessments of AgI impact and dispersion are often quantified using atmospheric processes models with impact assessed by comparing models with and without the inclusion of cloud seeding modules. However, there is inherent uncertainty in these models. Quantifying AgI distribution in the snowpack following cloud seeding can both validate and improve model performance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the capacity to document the dispersion of AgI by measuring silver (Ag) enrichments in snow. This study develops clean field and laboratory procedures to detect trace seeding signatures in alpine snowpack. Unique laboratory layout and protocols are employed to reduce contamination potential within a traditional ICP-MS laboratory setting (not housed in a Class 100 Clean Room). Using these methods, we sample a series of snow profiles within the target area of active cloud seeding in the central mountains of Idaho. The results demonstrate the ability of the new methods to reproduce distinct elevated Ag concentrations over a small scale (0.25 km2) and at the basin (2,400 km2) scale. The trace chemical analysis of snow samples from eight snow pits over an area of 0.25 km2 and six sites separated up to 65 km (basin scale) identify potential seeding signatures from two seeded storms. A localized enrichment factor was used to identify and replicate this seeding signature at all six sites within the basin. This enrichment factor can delineate a seeding signature at sites far downwind from AgI sources, where Ag concentrations are only 1-3 parts per trillion above background levels. The localized enrichment factors at all six sites contain chemical snow profiles generally corresponding to peak Ag concentrations and known cloud seeding events. "

2009 1m Snow Depth for Reynolds Mountain East, Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho

Snow depth was calculated for the general area of Reynolds Mountain East in Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed using lidar data collected in November 10-18, 2007 (snow off) and March 19, 2009 (snow on). The raw point clouds were filtered using the BCAL Lidar Tools and then 2007 and 2009 point clouds were georeferenced to each other. The point clouds were then rasterized to 1 m and the 2007 bare earth raster was subtracted from the 2009 snow on raster to create a 1 m snow depth product. (https://bcal.boisestate.edu/tools/lidar and <a href="https://github.com/bcal-lidar/tools/wiki/BareDEM" target="_blank" title="2009 1-m Snow Depth for Reynolds Mountain East, Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed,
https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/bcal_data/4

Modeling the Drivers of Land Use Change and Ecosystem Services Change in Three (3) Urban Sites of Idaho: Causal Approach Examining the Importance of Boundaries

This poster was presented at the 2016 Idaho EPSCoR Annual Meeting, October 20-21, 2016 in Couer d'Alene, Idaho.

Community Engagement, Advocacy, and the Application of Science in the Boise River Basin

This poster was presented at the 2016 Idaho EPSCoR Annual Meeting, October 19-21, in Couer d'Alene Idaho.

Agriculture Transitions: Studying Water and Land-Use Change in Idaho's Treasure Valley

A Participatory Mapping and Agent-Based Approach to Promote Coexistence Between Idaho Ranchers and Gray Wolves

Stakeholder Values, Land Use, and Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs

Does Outdoor Recreation Decrease Stress? Investigating the Physiological Responses of Outdoor Recreation in Idaho

Data Management Services at Boise State University 2016

This publication is a poster presented at the 2016 Idaho EPSCoR Annual Meeting on October 19, 2016 in Couer d'Alene, Idaho. The poster presents a summary of data management concepts and an overview of data management services available at Boise State University.

Treasure Valley Idaho Managed Growth Projection Shapefiles for 2010, 2020, 2030 and 2040

The Treasure Valley Alternative Futures Project is a component of the National Science Foundation’s EPSCoR Grant: Managing Idaho’s Landscapes for Ecosystem Services (MILES), which has provided a statewide five year grant to Boise State University, Idaho State University and University of Idaho. The Treasure Valley’s changing environment and community impact the landscape and with this data set, predicting the population growth, LULC and water availability over the next 30 years is possible. This research has built a framework for the alternative studies in the Treasure Valley and can serve as a good start for more detailed future studies. Please contact the author via e-mail for this data set. bangshuaihan@gmail.com.

Data Associated with Characterizing Off Highway Vehicle Mobility Patterns in Southwest Idaho

Recreation on public lands is growing and is increasingly recognized as an ecosystem service providing improved health, connection to nature, and social time while also disturbing and degrading ecosystems. Human impacts must be managed, but often managers have little information about the factors that affect recreation patterns. We combined data from global positioning system receivers to record off-road vehicle (ORV) travel with a pretrip survey to determine how group characteristics, site experience, site knowledge, and motivation are associated with ORV trip patterns on public lands in southwest Idaho. Spatial and temporal extent and distribution could summarize most variation in ORV trips. Both trip distribution and extent were associated with group characteristics and site knowledge. Spatial and temporal extent was additionally associated with motivations and distribution was associated with riding experience. These findings can help land managers to identify use patterns, direct informational programs, and effect indirect management strategies. The manuscript associated with these data can be reviewed at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1408510"

TRAILS Model: Tolerance in Raptors and the Associated Impacts of Leisure Sports

There is widespread evidence that human disturbance affects wildlife behavior, but long-term population effects can be difficult to quantify. Individual-based models (IBMs) offer a way to assess population-level, aggregate effects of disturbance on wildlife. We created Tolerance in Raptors and the Associated Impacts of Leisure Sports (TRAILS), an IBM that simulates interactions between recreationists and nesting raptors, to assess the effect of human disturbance on raptor populations and test if changes in tolerance to disturbance could mitigate negative consequences. We used behavioral and demographic data from golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos, and recreation activity data to parameterize TRAILS and simulate the effects of pedestrian and off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation on the likelihood of territory occupancy, egg-laying and nest survival of eagles over 100 years. We modeled eagle populations in the absence of recreation, with stationary 2014 levels of recreation, and with annual increases in recreation. Furthermore, we simulated eagles that developed tolerance to disturbance randomly, through natural selection, habitat imprinting, or habituation. In the presence of recreation, simulated eagle populations had significantly lower and more variable growth rates, population sizes and territory occupancy. Annual increases in recreation of 1–2% greatly exacerbated population declines. Though both habituation and natural selection lead to more tolerant eagle populations, neither buffered eagle populations from detrimental effects of recreation. These results suggest that long-lived species that experience encroachment from human activities may not adapt to human disturbance at a rate that compensates for changes in disturbance. This project illustrates the usefulness of IBMs for evaluating non-lethal threats, forecasting population changes and testing theoretical feedbacks in system processes.

Data Associated with 'Forecasting Disturbance Effects on Wildlife: Tolerance Does Not Mitigate Effects of Increased Recreation on Wild Lands'

Treasure Valley Idaho Status Quo Projection Shapefiles for 2010, 2020, 2030 and 2040

The Treasure Valley Alternative Futures Project is a component of the National Science Foundation’s EPSCoR Grant: Managing Idaho’s Landscapes for Ecosystem Services (MILES), which has provided a statewide five year grant to Boise State University, Idaho State University and University of Idaho. The Treasure Valley’s changing environment and community impact the landscape and with this data set, predicting the population growth, LULC and water availability over the next 30 years is possible. With this particular data set, we see data that was collected in 2010 for a status quo scenario. In a status quo scenario, a maintained allocation distribution is kept the same as it was in 2010. As seen in the data set from 2010 to 2040, little has changed in LULC and population density spread out westwards. This research has built a framework for the alternative studies in the Treasure Valley and can serve as a good start for more detailed future studies. Please contact the author via e-mail for this data set. bangshuaihan@gmail.com.

Treasure Valley Idaho Unconstrained Growth Projection Shapefiles for 2010, 2020, 2030 and 2040

The Treasure Valley Alternative Futures Project is a component of the National Science Foundation’s EPSCoR Grant: Managing Idaho’s Landscapes for Ecosystem Services (MILES), which has provided a statewide five year grant to Boise State University, Idaho State University and University of Idaho. The Treasure Valley’s changing environment and community impact the landscape and with this data set, predicting the population growth, LULC and water availability over the next 30 years is possible. With this particular data set, we see data that was collected in 2010 for an unconstrained growth scenario. In an unconstrained growth scenario, there is relaxed growth in rangelands and a defocus of urbanization on developed lands. As seen in the data set from 2010 to 2040, there was a change in LULC and population density is spread throughout the Treasure Valley. This research has built a framework for the alternative studies in the Treasure Valley and can serve as a good start for more detailed future studies. Please contact the author via e-mail for this data set. bangshuaihan@gmail.com

31 Years of Spatially Distributed Air Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation Amount and Precipitation Phase From a Mountain Catchment in the Rain-snow Transition Zone

Thirty one years of spatially distributed air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, precipitation amount, and precipitation phase data are presented for the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed. The data are spatially distributed over a 10m Lidar-derived digital elevation model at an hourly time step using a detrended kriging algorithm. This dataset covers a wide range of weather extremes in a mesoscale basin (237 km2) that encompasses the rain-snow transition zone and should find widespread application in earth science modeling communities. Spatial data allows for a more holistic analysis of basin means and elevation gradients, compared to point data. Files are stored in the NetCDF file format, which allows for easy spatiotemporal averaging and/or subsetting.

2014 Lidar-Derived 1m Digital Elevation Model Data Set for Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwestern Idaho

Full waveform lidar data were collected by NASA's Jet propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) in August 2014 for a NASA Terretrial Ecology project (NNX14AD81G). The data were collected using a Riegl LMS Q-1560 dual laser scanner system. The full waveforms were decomposed in Riegl RiPROCESS software to generate 3D point cloud with an average point density of 14-20 pts/m2. The point clouds were corrected for elevation and roll misalignment between adjacent flight lines in TerraScan. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 1 m resolution was derived using the corrected point cloud using BCAL Lidar Tools (<a href="https://bcal.boisestate.edu/tools/lidar" and <a href="https://github.com/bcal-lidar/tools/wiki/BareDEM"

2010 and 2013 Data Set of Building Footprint Shapes and Points for Boise Idaho and Surrounding Region

This is a data set representing a subset of buildings and structures, within areas of special interest in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding region. The polygons and points are a best guess representation, generally determined from aerial photography, of the location and exterior shapes of the buildings. Building footprints may include roof overhangs, coverings for decks, and attached outbuildings that are not distinguishable from the main building. The polygons do not represent true building footprints. The data was originally collected by Geographic General, Inc. from 1986 aerial photography, and is now maintained by City of Boise GIS. Because data collection and verification is labor intensive, high priority areas were identified and are being updated first. The high priority areas include: Boise State University campus; core downtown Boise City; Boise Towne Square Mall; churches, schools, hospitals; buildings within parks; and some other commercial and industrial areas. It is unlikely that residential structures will be collected in the foreseeable future, if ever.

1938-2014 Data Set of New Development Urban Growth Forms for Boise Idaho and Surrounding Region

This is a polygon data set representing urban growth forms for new development within areas of special interest in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding region.

1938-2014 Data Set of Public Land Use Development Parcels for Boise Idaho and Surrounding Region

This is a polygon data set representing public land use (PLU) development parcels within areas of special interest in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding region.

1974-2011 Data Set of Urban Extent for Boise Idaho and Surrounding Region Derived from National Land Cover Database (NLCD)

This is a polygon data set representing the extent of urban development within areas of special interest in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding region. The data set was derived from Landsat data and the National Land Cover Database created by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.

1938-2014 Data Set of Urban Extent Derived for Boise Idaho and Surrounding Region

This is a polygon data set representing the extent of urban development within areas of special interest in Boise, Idaho and the surrounding region. The data was derived from land parcel records available from the Ada and Canyon county assessors' offices and from the historic images and orthophotos available at the Boise State Library.

2007 Lidar-Derived Digital Elevation Model, Canopy Height Model and Vegetation Cover Model Data Sets for Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Southwestern Idaho

Lidar-derived raster data collected November 10-18, 2007, including digital elevation model at three (3) meters and five (5) meters; canopy height model at one (1) meter, three (3) meters and five (5) meters and vegetation cover at one (1) meter and five (5) meters.

2013 Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area RapidEye 7m Landcover Classification

Boise State University conducted an area-wide vegetation classification of the Orchard Combat Training Center (OCTC) for the Idaho National Guard/IDARNG and expanded the classification to cover areas of the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area for the Bureau of Land Management. This report documents the field data collection and processing, image acquisition and processing, and image classification. Work was performed between January 2012 – October 2015.

Data for Aboveground Biomass Estimates of Sagebrush Using Terrestrial and Airborne LiDAR Data in a Dryland Ecosystem

Vegetation biomass estimates across drylands at regional scales are critical for ecological modeling, yet the low-lying and sparse plant communities characterizing these ecosystems are challenging to accurately quantify and measure their variability using spectral-based aerial and satellite remote sensing. To overcome these challenges, multi-scale data including field-measured biomass, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, were combined in a hierarchical modeling framework. Data derived at each scale were used to validate an increasingly broader index of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) aboveground biomass. First, two automatic crown delineation methods were used to delineate individual shrubs across the TLS plots. Second, three models to derive shrub volumes were utilized with TLS data and regressed against destructively-sampled individual shrub biomass measurements. Third, TLS-derived biomass estimates at 5 m were used to calibrate a biomass prediction model with a linear regression of ALS-derived percent vegetation cover (adjusted R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001, RMSE = 3.59 kg). The ALS prediction model was applied to the study watershed and evaluated with independent TLS plots (adjusted R2 = 0.55, RMSE = 4.01 kg, normalized RMSE = 35%). The biomass estimates at the scale of 5 m is sufficient for capturing the variability of biomass needed to initialize models to estimate ecosystem fluxes, and the contiguous estimates across the watershed support analyzing patterns and connectivity of these dynamics. Our model is currently optimized for the sagebrush-steppe environment at the watershed scale and may be readily applied to other shrub-dominated drylands, and especially the Great Basin, U.S., which extends across five western states. Improved derived metrics from ALS data and collection of additional TLS data to refine the relationship between TLS-derived biomass estimates and ALS-derived models of vegetation structure, will strengthen the predictive power of our model and extend its range to similar shrubland ecosystems. The corresponding data set is composed of an attributes list in comma separate value format (.csv).