Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations Copyright (c) 2013 Boise State University All rights reserved. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs Recent documents in Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations en-us Wed, 08 May 2013 01:31:11 PDT 3600 Lactate Response to Different Volume Patterns of Power Clean http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/109 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/109 Mon, 06 May 2013 15:53:39 PDT The ability to metabolize or tolerate lactate and produce power simultaneously can be an important determinant of performance. Current training practices for improving lactate use include high-intensity aerobic activities or a combination of aerobic and resistance training. Excessive aerobic training may have undesired physiological adaptations (e.g., muscle loss, change in fiber types). The role of explosive power training in lactate production and use needs further clarification. We hypothesized that high-volume explosive power movements such as Olympic lifts can increase lactate production and overload lactate clearance. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess lactate accumulation after the completion of 3 different volume patterns of power cleans. Ten male recreational athletes (age 24.22 ± 1.39 years) volunteered. Volume patterns consisted of 3 sets × 3 repetition maximum (3RM) (low volume [LV]), 3 sets × 6 reps at 80–85% of 3RM (midvolume [MV]), and 3 sets × 9 reps at 70–75% of 3RM (high volume [HV]). Rest period was identical at 2 minutes. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after each volume pattern. The HV resulted in the greatest lactate accumulation (7.43 ± 2.94 mmol·L−1) vs. (5.27 ± 2.48 and 4.03 ± 1.78 mmol·L−1 in MV and LV, respectively). Mean relative increase in lactate was the highest in HV (356.34%). The findings indicate that lactate production in power cleans is largely associated with volume, determined by number of repetitions, load, and rest interval. High-volume explosive training may impose greater metabolic demands than low-volume explosive training and may improve ability to produce power in the presence of lactate. The role of explosive power training in overloading the lactate clearance mechanism should be examined further, especially for athletes of intermittent sport.

]]> Anand S. Date et al. Bilateral Coordination and Gait Symmetry After Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training for Persons with Chronic Stroke http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/108 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/108 Mon, 06 May 2013 15:36:17 PDT Background: Locomotor interventions are commonly assessed using functional outcomes, but these outcomes provide limited information about changes toward recovery or compensatory mechanisms. The study purposes were to examine changes in gait symmetry and bilateral coordination following body-weight supported treadmill training in individuals with chronic hemiparesis due to stroke and to compare findings to participants without disability.

Methods: Nineteen participants with stroke (>6 months) who ambulated between 0.4 and 0.8 m/s and 22 participants without disability were enrolled in this repeated-measures study. The stroke group completed 24 intervention sessions over 8 weeks with 20 minutes of walking/session. The non-disabled group served as a comparison for describing changes in symmetry and coordination. Bilateral 3-dimensional motion analysis and gait speed were assessed across 3 time points (pre-test, immediate post-test, and 6-month retention). Continuous relative phase was used to evaluate bilateral coordination (thigh–thigh, shank–shank, foot–foot) and gait symmetry was assessed with spatiotemporal ratios (step length, swing time, stance time).

Findings: Significant improvements in continuous relative phase (shank–shank and foot–foot couplings) were found at post-test and retention for the stroke group. Significant differences in spatiotemporal symmetry ratios were not found over time. Compared to the non-disabled group, changes in bilateral coordination moved in the direction of normal recovery. Most measures of continuous relative phase were more responsive to change after training than the spatiotemporal ratios.

Interpretations: After body-weight supported treadmill training, the stroke group made improvements toward recovery of normal bilateral coordination. Bilateral coordination and gait symmetry measures may assess different aspects of gait.

]]> Stephanie A. Combs et al. Osteochondritis Dissecans Development after Bone Contusion of the Knee in the Skeletally Immature: A Case Series http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/107 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/107 Fri, 01 Feb 2013 10:45:37 PST Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is thought to be an acquired osteochondral disorder, and its etiology may be multi-factorial. Trauma, both acute and repetitive events, has previously been proposed as a potential cause for OCD development. We present two cases of skeletally immature males who developed a symptomatic OCD lesion following a femoral condyle bone contusion. These cases suggest that an acute traumatic event may lead to the development of OCD of the knee.

]]> Kevin G. Shea et al. Women's Cycle Racing: Enduring Meanings http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/106 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/106 Thu, 17 Jan 2013 10:07:56 PST In this study, I explore the challenges associated with long distance women's road racing. Within the sport of cycling, road race distances for women and men differ greatly. I examine the meanings that these distances have acquired within women’s road racing, according to promoters/race organizers, athletes, and governing bodies, as based upon their experiences with well-known and historically significant women’s competitions, circa 1950s-1990s. Based upon this research, the three main ways that distance has taken on meaning in women's road racing are as follows: 1) women do not have the stamina, strength or speed to effectively and efficiently race long distances; 2) the length of the race correlates negatively with women's aggressiveness; and 3) races that are too long increase the likelihood that competitors and promoters will have to deal with the issue of women's public urination during the race.

]]> Shelley Lucas A Comparison of Air Displacement Plethysmography and Hydrostatic Weighing Techniques for the Assessment of Percent Body Fat in Adults by Gender and BMI Category http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/105 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/105 Mon, 14 Jan 2013 11:39:05 PST W. W. K. Hoeger et al. American Association for Health Education (AAHE) 2011 Membership Survey: Summary of Findings http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/104 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/104 Fri, 21 Dec 2012 09:25:37 PST The American Association for Health Education (AAHE), a national health education organization with the mission of advancing the profession of health education, launched the 2011 AAHE membership survey between October 13, 2011 and November 1, 2011, under the leadership of the AAHE Board of Directors and AAHE Staff. The primary objective of the survey was to provide insight into the perspectives of AAHE members on several important issues facing the organization including: AAHE exiting its parent organization, the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) and the proposed "modified" merger with the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE), another national health education organization. A total of 240 AAHE members completed the survey. A majority of respondents were university members in health education, and results provide keen insight into AAHE members' perspectives on the AAHE-SOPHE modified merger.

]]> Elizabeth H. Chaney et al. Reconsidering and Re-Conceptualizing Kinesiology http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/103 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/103 Wed, 14 Nov 2012 15:09:28 PST The purpose of this article is to delineate a more humanistic view of kinesiology by drawing on the rich, but often overlooked, phenomenology of movement literature (Arnold, 1979; Brown & Payne, 2009; Merleau-Ponty, 1962). Brown and Payne (2009) maintain that "phenomenology is a reaction against...the scientization of [kinesiology] that sees its conceptualization, contextualization, representation, and legitimation primarily as a science" (p. 423). By drawing on the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1962) and Peter Arnold (1979), I argue that kinesiology is not only a scientific discipline charged with creating and disseminating scientifically-based knowledge, but also a field of study that encompasses the performing arts where the experience of movement is valued and appreciated for what it is, independent of scientific analysis or study.

]]> T. G. Johnson The Longitudinal Changes of National Identity in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan Before, During and After the 2008 Beijing Olympics Games http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/102 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/102 Thu, 25 Oct 2012 12:52:21 PDT The present study examined longitudinal changes in Asian (i.e. Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) school students' national identity before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Participants were 946 secondary students aged 12–17 years from Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. This study revealed that residence, especially the hosting city, acted as the most significant factor in longitudinal changes and contribution to the national identity among the three regions. The time factor (before, during and after the Games) was only significant when it interacted with residence. These findings suggest that residence (hosting city) provided the greatest contribution in national identity before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

]]> Patrick W. C. Lau et al. The Significance of Physical Education Content: "Sending the Message" in Physical Education Teacher Education http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/101 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/101 Tue, 18 Sep 2012 15:43:57 PDT Mind-body dualism has likely influenced how many view human beings and their behavior—mind (i.e., thinking) is elevated over body (i.e., performing)—even in Physical Education Teacher Education. The problem is that such a perspective makes physical education content (i.e., dance, games, play, and sport) subsidiary to more "intellectual" or "academic" content. This article invites Physical Education Teacher Education faculty to consider how to effectively "send the message" to future physical educators that physical education content is valuable and respectable and in many ways epitomizes intelligent human behavior. Specifically, Physical Education Teacher Education faculty are invited to (a) challenge traditional definitions of intelligence and introduce alternative definitions, (b) participate regularly in their own playgrounds, (c) provide a sufficient dose of activity courses in their curricula, (d) teach activity courses, (e) establish a performance-oriented culture, and (f) administer performance and/or game play evaluations.

]]> Tyler Johnson ‘More Than a Game’: Impact of <em>The First Tee</em> Life Skills Programme on Positive Youth Development: Project Introduction and Year 1 Findings http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/100 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/100 Tue, 18 Sep 2012 15:37:33 PDT This manuscript introduces our long-term project and provides Year 1 data on evaluating the effectiveness of The First Tee life skills programme in promoting positive youth development. To set up subsequent articles on this multi-phase project, we provide: (a) a review of the positive youth development theoretical framework and studies in the physical domain, (b) an in-depth description of The First Tee, a sport-based youth development programme, (c) overall project purposes and research design, (d) Year 1 samples, methodology, procedures and evaluation methods and (e) Year 1 findings for learning and transferring interpersonal and self-management skills that were taught in the programme. Findings provide initial data-based evidence that The First Tee is having a positive impact on promoting youth development in the golf context and in the transfer of life skills to other domains.

]]> Maureen R. Weiss et al. Developing an Instrument to Measure Physical Activity Related Self-Worth in Women: Rasch Analysis of the Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI) http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/99 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/99 Tue, 18 Sep 2012 14:20:02 PDT Objectives: The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA) -related self-worth (SW).

Methods: Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI.

Results: Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .90, .87 and .72) and test re-test reliability (r = .79, .70, .81). Women who reported regular PA participation had higher PA Knowledge, PA Emotional, PA Social, and General SW than those who reported some or no PA (p < .01) and correlations between Knowledge, Emotional, and Social SW subscales and General SW were .207, .130, and .220, respectively. PA Knowledge and PA Emotional SW had stronger correlations with PA (r = .344, .273, respectively) than did General SW (r = .133).

Conclusions: The WPASWI demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and a stronger relationship with PA than a General SW instrument.

]]> Jennifer Huberty et al. Effects of Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Kinetic Symmetry in Persons with Chronic Stroke http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/98 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/98 Mon, 10 Sep 2012 11:44:18 PDT

Backround

The purpose was to examine changes in kinetic symmetry in persons with chronic stroke immediately and 6-months after body-weight supported treadmill training.

Methods

Fifteen participants at least six-months post stroke and able to ambulate between 0.4 and 0.8 m/s and 20 participants without neurological conditions completed all phases of the study and were included in the analysis. The non-disabled group served as a comparison for describing changes in kinetic symmetry. The stroke group completed 24 sessions of body-weight supported treadmill training over 8-weeks with 20 minutes of total walking per session. Bilateral 3-dimensional motion analysis and gait speed were assessed 1-week before training (pre-test), 1-week after training (post-test) and 6-months after training (retention) in a repeated measures design. Relative propulsion of the paretic leg and relative positive work of the hip, knee and ankle joints of both legs were calculated to evaluate symmetry of kinetic forces.

Findings

Statistically significant differences in relative propulsion and positive joint work within the paretic and non-paretic legs were not found over time. The stroke group significantly improved gait speed from pre- to post-test (p = .001) and pre-test to retention (p = .008). In comparison to the non-disabled group, forces produced by the stroke group were asymmetrical demonstrating compensatory adaptation.

Interpretation

Although the participants with chronic stroke walked faster after body-weight supported treadmill training, the relative percentages of propulsion and positive work remained unchanged. These findings suggest that the increase in speed was likely due to strengthening existing compensatory strategies rather than through recovery of normal kinetic symmetry.

]]> Stephanie A. Combs et al. Observation of Step-Count Patterns of Women Participating in a Healthy Lifestyle Book Club Intervention http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/97 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/97 Fri, 07 Sep 2012 11:16:15 PDT This study has two purposes: (1) to observe the step-count patterns of adult women who participated in an eight-month healthy lifestyle-based book club intervention and (2) to describe step-count patterns across seasons and body mass index (BMI) categories. Sixty-two participants (mean age ± SD = 53 ± 9, 92% Caucasians) had complete pedometer data, which was used for data analysis. After weekly, hour-long, discussion-based meetings during months one through four, and bi-monthly meetings during months five through eight, women increased their step counts by 26%. Significant step-count differences were observed among seasons (p < .05), and from pre- to post-intervention (p < .05), with the lowest steps being reported in the fall and the highest in the spring. Women in the obese category continued to increase steps during the winter, while the healthy-weight group decreased steps. There was a significant correlation between the average steps taken during the intervention and changes in BMI from pre- to post-intervention (r = -.26, p < .05). Overall, positive step-count pattern observations were found among adult women participating in a healthy lifestyle-based intervention.

]]> Cara L. Sidman et al. Differential Item Functioning Analysis of the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/96 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/96 Tue, 28 Aug 2012 12:25:29 PDT This study was to use differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to examine if there were items in the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough) functioning differently across gender and athletic membership. A total of 444 male (56.3%) and female (43.7%) participants (30.9% athletes and 69.1% non-athletes) responded to the MeBTough items. Using Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST methods, 43 items were analyzed for DIF. Four MeBTough items were identified as large DIF items by both Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST methods, where item 21 favored non-athletes, item 40 favored athletes, item 2 favored males, and item 17 favored females. Athletic membership DIF disappeared whereas gender DIF still existed at the scale level. Overall, there are gender and athletic membership DIF items in the MeBTough, but only gender DIF still exists at the scale level. Thus, conclusions regarding gender differences in mental toughness should be made with caution when using total MeBTough scores.

]]> Yong Gao et al. Effects of Fatigue on Golf Performance http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/95 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/95 Mon, 27 Aug 2012 12:26:52 PDT The purpose of this study was to determine if body position, weight transfer, and/or pelvis/trunk rotations changed as a result of a golf specific fatiguing protocol and whether these changes affected resultant club head velocity at impact and shot consistency. Six male golfers and one female golfer participated in the study, who had a mean age, height, and body mass of 23.9 ± 3.9 years, 177.4 ± 4.9 cm, and 75.3 ± 9.9 kg, respectively. Path analysis was used to determine the relationships between fatigue, biomechanical variables, and resultant club head velocity at impact and shot consistency. In the statistical models representing the effects of biomechanical variables calculated at the top of the swing and ball contact, golf specific fatigue was associated with a 2.0% and 2.5% reduction in the club head velocity and a 7.1% and 9.4% improvement in the shot consistency, respectively. These data suggest that golf specific fatigue was not related to the initial lower body sagittal plane angles at address nor was simulated golf specific fatigue related to peak transverse plane pelvis and trunk rotational velocities (or their timings) in a manner that indicates a relationship to resultant club head velocity and shot consistency.

]]> Nicholas R. Higdon et al. Managerial Stress and Job Satisfaction in the Sport and Recreation Industry in Hong Kong http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/94 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/94 Wed, 22 Aug 2012 11:25:16 PDT While job stress in various occupations has gained the attention of experts in both academic research and occupational health care, there is a dearth of information about stress levels among managers in the sport and recreation industry, especially in women and in the Asian culture. Because managers are an important force in delivering sport and recreation services to citizens, the purposes of this study were to examine the job stress and job satisfaction of sport and recreation managers in Hong Kong, and to discern the relationship between stress and job satisfaction. Sport and recreation managers experienced moderate stress (M = 3.63, SD = 0.67) and were satisfied with their jobs (M = 3.79, SD = 0.64). Work relationships (Beta = -.44, p <.001), organizational climate (Beta = -.36, p <.001), home/work balance (Beta = .26, p <.01), and personal responsibility (Beta = .23, p <.01) were important determinants of their job satisfaction. A comprehensive understanding of job stress and job satisfaction is important for minimizing the impact of potential stressors on today's workforce.

]]> Mei Du et al. Evaluation of an Internet–Short Message Service–Based Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity in Hong Kong Chinese Adolescent School Children: A Pilot Study http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/93 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/93 Tue, 21 Aug 2012 15:33:16 PDT Evaluation of acceptability and preliminary efficacy of an Internet and short message service (SMS) intervention for promoting physical activity (PA) in Hong Kong Chinese school children. An 8-week quasi-experimental study non-randomly assigned 78 school children (mean age=12.8 years) to (a) an intervention group that received a stage-matched, Internet PA program two times a week and tailored SMS messages daily; or (b) a no-treatment control. Data were collected from September 2008 until June 2009. Acceptability measures included exposure rate and participant's satisfaction. Efficacy measures were changes in stage of motivational readiness (SMR) and self-reported PA level. Intervention participants demonstrated significant pre-post increments in SMR (Z=−2.558, p=0.011) and self-reported PA level [F(1, 76)=4.50, p=0.04]. There was a non-significant trend between groups in both SMR (p=0.24) and PA (p=0.13). Despite the similar ratings of satisfaction between Internet (M=3.12±0.74) and SMS (M=3.12±0.84), participants displayed distinct patterns of exposure with 66% exhibiting a weekly login rate of 0.5 times/person and an average of 3.75 minutes/visit/person. In contrast, 79% of participants read an average of 1.3 SMS/person/week and 47% voluntarily replied to 3.8 SMS/person. These findings demonstrate the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of an Internet-SMS-based intervention for promoting PA in Hong Kong school children. The divergent exposure rates between the Internet and SMS may be a unique pattern for adolescents in early SMR. Future research should be cognizant of the importance of SMR since it may influence utilization and/or adherence.

]]> Erica Y. Lau et al. Determining Intensity Levels of Selected Wii Fit Activities in College Aged Individuals http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/92 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/92 Fri, 13 Apr 2012 14:00:29 PDT To determine intensity of Nintendo Wii Fit games using indirect calorimetry. Twenty-five college students completed Wii Fit activity sessions at two difficulty levels within aerobics, strength, and yoga categories. Resting metabolic rate and exercise VO2 were measured and metabolic equivalents (METs) were calculated. Measured METs and calculated METs ranged from 2.30 ± .42 and 2.44 ± .38 for Yoga to 5.73 ± 1.36 and 6.04 ± 1.09 for aerobics, respectively. All selected Wii Fit activity intensities were significantly higher than resting, p < .001; aerobic and strength activities met the moderate intensity threshold (3 METs, p < .001), yoga activities did not (p < .005); aerobic and yoga activities of medium difficulty were more intense than the corresponding easy-rated activities (p < .005). There were no statistical differences between measured and calculated METs. Wii Fit has potential as an effective tool for helping college-age individuals increase their PA.

]]> Joshua D. Griese et al. Are LTPA and Coping Strategies Moderators of Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Wellness in Sport and Recreation Managers in Hong Kong? http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/91 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/91 Wed, 28 Mar 2012 12:54:09 PDT M. Du et al. An Examination of the Effectiveness of an 8-Week Bikram Yoga Program on Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, and Physical Fitness http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/90 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/kinesiology_facpubs/90 Fri, 16 Mar 2012 15:07:46 PDT Previous research reports positive effects of yoga on health. The physical and psychological outcomes of participation in Bikram yoga are under-researched despite its increasing popularity, and this type of yoga may be significant with regards to stress management due to its unique method of practice. This study was designed to assess changes in levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical fitness after participation in an 8-week Bikram yoga program. Fifty-one participants aged 20–54 years (mean, 31.57 years) were recruited by word of mouth from a large university located in the Northwestern United States. Participants attended a minimum of 20 Bikram sessions over 8 weeks. Changes in mindfulness (Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and physical fitness (resting heart rate, 1-mile walk, sit-and-reach, total-body rotation, and single-leg balance) were measured. Eight weeks of Bikram yoga improved mindfulness, perceived stress, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and balance (p < 0.01). Mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=−0.43, p < 0.01) and resting heart rate (r=−0.30, p < 0.05). The results show that Bikram yoga positively affected psychological and physical health in the sample population. This information can be used to further the understanding of mind-body based programs, and how Bikram yoga may give people the tools to decrease perceived stress, potentially having an effect on chronic stress-related illnesses.

]]> Zoe L. Hewett et al.