Optimization of Mustard Seed Meal Extract as a Biopesticide in Different Soil Types

Faculty Mentor Information

Dr. Matthew Morra

Abstract

Modern agriculture is in need of alternative methods of pest control due to a rise in pest resistance and growing demand for organic crops. Brassicaceae seed meal extracts show potential as natural pesticides, and are more consistent and manageable than using Brassicaceae seed meal itself. In Oriental (Brassica juncea L.) mustard, the glucosinolate sinigrin hydrolyzes to produce the biologically active compound 2-propenyl isothiocyanate, which can be used to control nematodes and other soil pests. Due to the extraction process, the mustard meal extract requires formulation with myrosinase enzyme from mustard meal, a buffer, and ascorbic acid to facilitate the hydrolysis reaction and formation of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. We are researching how to formulate the mustard meal extract for optimal release of active pesticidal compounds when applied to varying soil types. The 2-propenyl isothiocyanate is unstable and difficult to quantify in the soil environment, so we have researched alternative methods of quantifying product formation via an enzymatic assay and ion chromatography. Methods for producing and drying the powdered mustard meal extract are being analyzed as well as optimization of the added myrosinase, buffer, and ascorbic acid to result in an effective extract formulation with the potential for organic certification.

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Optimization of Mustard Seed Meal Extract as a Biopesticide in Different Soil Types

Modern agriculture is in need of alternative methods of pest control due to a rise in pest resistance and growing demand for organic crops. Brassicaceae seed meal extracts show potential as natural pesticides, and are more consistent and manageable than using Brassicaceae seed meal itself. In Oriental (Brassica juncea L.) mustard, the glucosinolate sinigrin hydrolyzes to produce the biologically active compound 2-propenyl isothiocyanate, which can be used to control nematodes and other soil pests. Due to the extraction process, the mustard meal extract requires formulation with myrosinase enzyme from mustard meal, a buffer, and ascorbic acid to facilitate the hydrolysis reaction and formation of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. We are researching how to formulate the mustard meal extract for optimal release of active pesticidal compounds when applied to varying soil types. The 2-propenyl isothiocyanate is unstable and difficult to quantify in the soil environment, so we have researched alternative methods of quantifying product formation via an enzymatic assay and ion chromatography. Methods for producing and drying the powdered mustard meal extract are being analyzed as well as optimization of the added myrosinase, buffer, and ascorbic acid to result in an effective extract formulation with the potential for organic certification.