College of Health Sciences Poster Presentations Copyright (c) 2013 Boise State University All rights reserved. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10 Recent documents in College of Health Sciences Poster Presentations en-us Sun, 27 Jan 2013 15:36:38 PST 3600 Does Class Participation in an Online Learning Environment Improve Student Learning Capability? http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/9 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/9 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:12 PDT The purpose of this study is to determine whether class participation/interaction in an online, large enrollment learning environment improves student learning capability. This study will examine findings from a convenience sample of 185 students enrolled in an online Growth and Development class offered in the fall of 2009. The majority of the sample were female (82.16%) and had self-identified as a pre-nursing (65.4%) student. In addition, there is a fairly even distribution among the students regarding academic standing (Frosh, Soph, Jr, and Sr.) The online class format offered students the option of participating in seven class discussions using the BlackBoard system as extra credit opportunities. This study will use participation in the extra credit discussion assignment as a measure of class participation and grades on individual and final exams as measures of learning capability. Correlations between the number of extra credit assignments completed and exam grades will be examined. Possible relationships between grade point average and academic standing will also be explored.

]]> Christine Kollar Exploratory Study to Determine the Prevalence of Pain Associated with Use of a Cellular Phone (Text Messaging) http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/8 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/8 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:11 PDT Excessive and improper utilization of the most widely used mobile data service, also known as text messaging, is becoming a growing problem nationwide. As text messaging becomes increasingly popular, tapping, flicking, and clicking have spawned a variety of hand-related aliments such as BlackBerry thumb, “trigger thumb,” De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, and Carpal tunnel syndrome. Repetitive-strain injuries are the most common side effects of text messaging usage (Avitzur, 2009), causing damage to tendons, nerves, and other soft tissues (Ciavaglia, 2008). Symptoms and risk factors from text messaging might include: numbness and tingling of the palm side of the thumb and fingers with the exception of the little finger, wrist and hand muscle weakness (Avitzur, 2009), inflammation, neck and shoulder strain, tension headaches, (Ciavaglia, 2008), head, neck, and arm pain (How to Text Message and Avoid Pain, 2009), defects in the development of one’s musculoskeletal structure (Gustafsson, Johnson, & Hagberg, 2008) and sore thumbs (The Healthy Ways of Text Messaging, n.d.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pain associated with the use of cellular phone text messaging. This study was conducted using a survey, created through Qualtrics, administered to all Boise State University students/faculty/staff via the participant’s BSU e-mail address. Based on the results, further study in this area might occur, with possible research in the field of prevention techniques for text messaging pains. This study was approved by the Boise State Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board # 193-SB10-046

]]> Angeline Adams Evaluation of the Respironics Bipap® Auto SV and Resmed VPAP Adapt SV to Lung Simulator Generated Central and Obstructive Sleep Apneic Episodes. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/7 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/7 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:09 PDT Background: Recent developments in non-invasive positive pressure ventilation have led to the production of adaptive servo-ventilation devices that examine an individual’s breathing characteristics and adjust pressure levels via a product specific algorithm. We evaluated two adaptive servo-ventilation devices, the Respironics BiPAP® auto SV™ and ResMed VPAP™ Adapt SV to lung simulator generated central and obstructive sleep apneic episodes.

Methods: Each system was adjusted to the following settings: EPAP minimum 4 cmH2O, IPAP maximum 15 cmH2O, adaptive modes, 15 breaths per minute. Each system was tested using its own brand of ventilation circuit and face mask (Respironics Comfort Gel ™Full and Mirage Quattro). The masks were fitted to a Laerdal SimMan® version 2 mannequin and demonstrated minimal leak levels. The SimMan® was connected to a Hans Rudolph Electronic Breathing Simulator (HR 1101) which generated 15 normal breaths followed by central and obstructive apenic episodes. The lung simulator scripts were constructed with the following parameters: compliance 40 cmH2O, amplitude 20 cmH2O, resistance ramped from 5 to 200 L/sec during obstructive apnea simulation and compliance 40, amplitude 0 and resistance of 50 during central apnea simulation.

Results: During simulated obstructive apnea the VPAP™ Adapt SV delivered an average pressure of 7.53 cmH2O and an average Vt of 299.7 ml. Max/Min pressures were 11.148 cmH2O and 5.104 cmH2O. The BiPAP® auto SV™ delivered an average pressure of 6.41 cmH2O with an average delivered Vt of 257.2 ml. Max/min pressures were 11.8 cmH2O and 3.18 cmH2O. During simulated central apnea the VPAP™ Adapt SV delivered an average pressure of 8.95 cmH2O and an average Vt of 354.4 ml. Max/min pressures were 14.5 cmH2O and 5.08 cmH2O . The BiPAP® auto SV™ delivered an average pressure of 7.04 cmH2O and average Vt of 280.06 ml. Max/Min pressures were 11.81 cmH2O and 3.22 cmH2O.

Conclusion: Each system responded adequately to both types of apnea however, some differences were recognized. The VPAP™ Adapt SV has more clinician definable parameters and our observations were that it performed better in tests simulating central apenic episodes. We observed that the BiPAP® auto SV™ performed better during obstructive apenic episodes. Initially the BiPAP® auto SV™ demonstrated a long rise time and delivered smaller volumes when respiratory rate was set on “auto”; using a set rate of 15 alleviated this discrepancy.

]]> Grant Drake et al. Students’ Perceptions Regarding Essential Components of a Nursing Leadership Textbook http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/6 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/6 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:08 PDT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing students’ perspectives about the essential components of a commonly used nursing leadership textbook. When students and faculty both participate in textbook evaluation, it increases utilization and satisfaction. Background: Although there is significant research related to textbook evaluation, most research on the essential components of an effective textbook focuses on educators’ perspectives, and not on student perspectives as end-users. Textbooks are frequently evaluated by educators on relevancy of content, accuracy, organization, aesthetics, ancillary materials, and cost. Most research focuses on these criteria and how faculty or staff uses them in adopting a textbook. This study was unique in that it elicited students’assessment of a leading nursing leadership textbook. Method: Grosskopf’s textbook evaluation tool was used to evaluate “Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership,” written by Ann-Marriner-Tomey (2009). Grosskopf’s tool incorporates both qualitative and quantitative elements and was completed by eleven senior-level students in a nursing leadership class. The tool includes five areas of textbook evaluation: organization, content, ideological considerations and suitability. Space was provided for students to add qualitative comments regarding each of these areas. Results: Appendices, glossary and bibliography sections were found to be none existent or poorly organized. Virtually all content areas were reported as adequate with the recommendation of incorporating real-life examples throughout the chapters to stimulate the reader’s curiosity and increase comprehension. Although the text was considered free of bias, respondents noted a lack of exposure to conflict or controversy. Generally respondents found the textbook design to be adequate with the exception of the book’s illustrations and cover durability. Classroom use by students and instructors was recommended. Although enhancements to the text were suggested, students also suggested that these enhancements be weighed against the cost of the text. Implications Recommendations: Use of Grosskopf’s textbook evaluation tool by students can assist in the textbook adoption process by professors, contribute to textbook design and organization, and may enhance student text utilization and comprehension. Further research recommendations include larger sample size, and comparison of textbook selector (faculty) to end user (student) perceptions.

]]> Cari Cardoni et al. Adapting Centering Pregnancy for Rural Practice: The Effect on Patient Satisfaction http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/5 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/5 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:06 PDT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare patient satisfaction levels among Latino women participating in a traditional Centering Pregnancy program verses those in a Centering pregnancy program with expanded gestational age ranges. Background: Centering Pregnancy (CP) is an innovative model for group prenatal care that has been shown to be highly effective in producing positive birth outcomes and high levels of patient satisfaction. CP has traditionally been implemented in urban settings with groups of women who fall within a limited gestational age window, thus requiring adequate numbers of pregnant participants to form the groups. However, in order to adapt the CP model for use in more sparsely populated rural areas, the gestational age range must be widened to accommodate the smaller numbers of pregnant women at any one time. Expanding the gestational age range raises the question if patient satisfaction may be affected, due to the fact that the women are at different stages of their pregnancies, which may reduce their forming connections with other women in the group. Method: This project, which is currently in progress, uses a descriptive comparative design. Latino women from two spanish-speaking CP groups have been recruited to participate. One of the groups uses the traditional narrow gestational age range of appoximately 6-8 weeks. In the second group, the gestation age range of the participants is wider (up to 3 months). Each group consists of approximately 10 women. Patient satisfaction will be measured anonymously at the final group meeting using the standardized 25-item Patient Participation and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PPSQ) which has been used in previous CP studies. Results: Results to be reported include mean patient satisfaction total scores and ranked responses to each of the specific satisfaction scale items, which will be compared between the two groups. Implications: The results will be discussed in relation to possible implications for adaptation of CP for rural practice. This project was supported by a grant from the March of Dimes of Idaho.

]]> Kathryn Cooperstein Comparison of Rural Providers and Consumers Regarding Community Health Assets and Deficits http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/4 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/4 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:05 PDT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare rural health care providers and consumers related to perceived community health assets and deficits.

Background: Historically, studies of population health have focused primarily on deficits, identifying needs and problems of the health delivery system. Recent research has also focused on identifying community health assets, including resources for joint problem solving and health promotion. Limited research, particularly from the assets perspective, has addressed rural areas and few studies have compared provider verses consumer perceptions of community assets and deficits.

Method: A descriptive comparative design was used. A convenience sample of 123 residents, including 17 providers and 106 consumers, in three rural Idaho communities were interviewed regarding community assets and deficits related to health. Responses were classified using the Typology of Community Assets for Health Promotion (Stokols, Grzywacz, McMahan, & Phillips, 2003) which includes material resources (economic, natural, human-made environmental, and technological capital) and human resources (social, moral, and human capital). Frequency of responses by category were compared between consumers and providers.

Results: In relation to community assets, the most frequent response category among providers was human capital (33.3%), specifically quality of healthcare professionals. Consumers cited the human-made environmental (25.3%) and social capital (25.3%) categories most frequently, especially hospitals and community support of healthy lifestyles. In relation to deficits, providers named the human-made environmental capital category (26.8%) most often, particularly citing the large geographical areas served by remote hospitals. The most frequent deficit category among consumers was human capital (25.6%), especially inadequate primary care and specialist providers. The only statistically significant difference between providers and consumers was in relation to the natural capital category as an asset (cited by 2.4% of providers vs. 22.4% of consumers, p = 0.004).

Implications: The results suggest that rural health care providers and consumers differ in their perceptions of community health assets and deficits. Thus, in assessing the health assets and deficits of rural communities, input from both providers and consumers is essential. This study was limited in that it included a relatively small convenience sample from only three rural communities in one state. Further research using larger samples is indicated to direct rural community nursing interventions that build on community assets.

This project was supported by the Jody DeMeyer Endowment at Boise State University.

]]> Diane Kenski Mental Health of Caregiving Grandparents http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/3 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/3 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:04 PDT Purpose/Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the mental health of custodial grandparents as compared with part-time caregiving grandparents. Rationale/Conceptual Basis/Background: Increasingly, grandparents are stepping up to help raise their grandchildren due to the high demand on parents to hold two or more jobs, single parents who work outside the home, increasing divorce rates, along with problems resulting from substance abuse and/or child neglect and abuse. Of the mental health stressors reported by caregiving grandparents, relationships with their adult children, issues of being totally responsible for raising another family at an increased age, and legal issues predominate. Previous research indicates that grandparents raising their grandchildren may have lower levels of mental health than non-caregiving grandparents. Little is known however how the mental health of custodial caregivers compares with that of part-time caregivers, especially among rural populations. Pender’s Health Promotion Model served as the conceptual framework for the study. Methods: A comparative descriptive pilot study was conducted with a convenience sample of 11 caregiving grandparents residing in a frontier county in Idaho. The sample included five grandfathers and six grandmothers with a mean age of 60.5 years (range = 46-75). Six grandparents were full-time custodial caregivers and five were part-time caregivers for their grandchildren. The SF-36 Health Survey was administered and the norm-based mental component score used to assess mental health status. Non-parametric statistics were used to compare the groups due to the small sample size. Results: The norm-based mental health scores for the total sample ranged from 45.2 to 60.2 with a mean of 53.6. The mean score for custodial grandparents was 50.8 compared with 56.9 for part-time caregivers. This difference was not statistically significant. Implications: These findings suggest that full-time custodial and part-time caregiving grandparents have similar levels of mental health. The fact that mean mental health scores for both groups were slightly above the norm is important to note. This conflicts with previous research indicating lower mental health levels among caregiving grandparents and among rural adults in general. This finding may suggest that caregiving may actually support mental health among frontier grandparents. This study was limited by the small sample size, and further research with larger samples is indicated to more fully assess the mental health of grandparent caregivers to guide future nursing intervention. Funded by the Jody DeMeyer Endowment at Boise State University, Department of Nursing.

]]> Barbara Vander Boegh Factors Promoting Rural Nursing Recruitment & Retention http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/2 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/2 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:02 PDT Purpose/Aims: The purpose of this literature review was to identify key factors that promote nursing recruitment and retention efforts in rural and remote areas. Background: Chronic nursing shortages have plagued rural communities for generations, due to competition and challenges to recruiting and retaining rural nurses. Previous quantitative and qualitative research has identified a variety of factors that may influence effective rural nursing recruitment and retention. Methods: A comprehensive literature review of 16 articles published between 2002 and 2008 was conducted in order to highlight, examine and evaluate studies that identify key factors that influence rural nursing shortages and recruitment efforts. Databases including CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar were utilized. Results: The literature review revealed common themes and key rural recruitment and retention factors. Nursing practice in rural areas requires nurses to be critical thinkers, versatile, and capable of handling complex situations. Some nurses are attracted to this practice setting, but to others these requirements may be overwhelming and intimidating. Mentoring, preceptor programs, and a positive clinical experience are the most common strategies identified in the literature to address the recruitment and retention of rural nurses (cited in 25% of the articles reviewed). Experienced nurses who take on active mentoring roles are essential in creating supportive environments that nurture nurses new to the rural clinical environment. Additional key rural recruitment and retention factors include a supportive work environment (18.75%), access to and promotion of continuing education (12.5%), flexible work schedules (6.25%), supportive management (6.25%), transformational leadership (6.25%), career planning (6.25%), and spousal support (6.25%). Implications: These literature review findings suggest that preceptor programs, a positive clinical experience, and mentoring play significant roles in recruiting and maintaining nursing staff. Future research is needed to identify the most effective strategies for recruiting and retaining nurses in rural and remote communities. These strategies need to focus on creating and maintaining a positive working environment for rural nurses. Funding provided by the Office of External Funding, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University.

]]> Jessica Nelson The Growing Concern About Mental Health Services and Medications: A Comparison of Children on the Inside and the Outside of the Foster Care System. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/1 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/1 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 14:08:00 PDT Studies suggest a significantly higher use of psychotropic medications by children involved in foster care when compared to those children not in foster care. There are many unanswered questions about the mental health needs of the children in foster care, especially when looking at the much higher number of psychiatric diagnoses that this population has. In addition, there is a lack of consistent follow up mental health evaluations and consequently appropriate ongoing care. Financial factors in both biological and foster households often play a role in this. This may be due to the various professionals providing care for a child entering foster care, as well as a vague definition of which area of practice is responsible for ensuring follow up visits. This presentation will give a general overview of the collective mental health issues that plague children within the foster care system nationally while considering sociodemographic variables as well as placement histories. These findings will be compared to issues affecting the Treasure Valley foster care community. Finally, we will provide some insight as to what role nurses possess in encouraging ongoing evaluations and promoting overall wellness in foster care children.

]]> Meghan Cunningham Comparison of Combustion Emissions from Wickless- and Wick-based Candles http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/15 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/15 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:17 PDT The use of wickless candles is becoming a popular way to produce pleasing aromas in what is marketed as a safe and soot-free manner. While it is true that these candles do not use a flame to combust scented wax, the question yet to be answered is whether using a flameless source to disperse its aroma into a given environment reduces airborne emissions (i.e. is soot-free). The purpose of this study was to compare combustion emissions from wickless- and wick-based candles in a controlled setting. This was accomplished through the performance of sampling trials in a specially designed environmental chamber. Equal combustion times were performed among all trials and the environmental chamber was sterilized prior to the start of a new trial. For the trials using wickless candles different heat source temperatures were used to disperse the scented wax to determine if emission concentration was function of temperature. The quantification of emission concentrations was accomplished using time-integrated and direct reading instrumentation. The types of emissions quantified were PM10, PM2.5, CO, and CO2. Preliminary results of this study suggest that compared to their wick-based counterparts, wickless candles produce lower concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, with no statistical difference in concentrations observed in the production of CO and CO2. Study results further suggest that lower heat source temperatures generate lower concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. It is hoped that the results of the study will provide scientific information to the general public concerning the type and level of contaminant emissions generated during the use wickless candles so that individuals can make an educated choice when purchasing this consumer product.

]]> Jamie Minick An Exploratory Study of Cell Phone Use While Driving http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/14 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/14 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:16 PDT As cell phone use increases, so does cell phone use while driving; “86% of cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally” (Seo & Torabi, 2004). Current literature shows that cell phone use while driving negatively affects driving performance. It slows reaction times by 18%, increases following distance by 12%, and decreases recovery of speed after braking by 17% (Strayer & Drews, 2004). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of cell phones while driving by Boise area residents. This study was conducted using both observations and a survey developed by the researchers in the HLTHST 482 course. A nine question survey was administered to a convenience sample of 148 Boise area residents to assess their current behaviors and attitudes toward cell phone use while driving. Data from the administered surveys indicate that people see texting as more dangerous, compared to talking on a cell phone, while driving. Attitudes towards the risk of using a cell phone while driving seemed to increase with age. Researchers observed 1,532 drivers in various locations in the Boise area and found a 10% prevalence of cell phone use while driving. Overall, the data supports that people use their cell phone while driving at least occasionally. This study was reviewed and approved by the Boise State Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board # 193-10-023.

]]> Angeline Adams et al. Characterization of Cell Phone Use by Students and Faculty at Boise State University http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/13 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/13 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:15 PDT With the increase of cell phone technology and popularity, the study was designed to determine the average cell phone use among college students at Boise State University. “Cell phones are a pervasive new communication technology, especially among college students” (Aoki & Downes, 2003). In 2003, Aoki and Downes stated, “cell phone subscribers in the US have increased from 109 million in 2000 to 148.6 million in 2002… the usage of cell phones is also spreading among the younger generation.” A convenience sample of 100 participants was recruited from the Boise State University student population. Surveys were administered during October 2009. Participation was voluntary, and each participant was given the option to leave questions blank. After students agreed to participate, students were given a paper questionnaire. Students were informed that their participation was anonymous and that they would not be contacted for additional information. Once the surveys were complete, the survey administrator collected the surveys and brought it in to the group for submission and data analysis. The most common cell phone providers among Boise State college students included Verizon with 41%, 30% with Sprint and 17% with AT&T. The top four features that were used by the majority of Boise State students included: alarm clock, calculator, camera, and calendar. The results showed that 53% of the participants paid for their cell phone on their own. Forty one percent of the participants were on their parents’ cell phone plan and their bill was paid for by their parents. Six percent of the participants responded that someone other than their parent or self pays for their cell phone bill. This study was reviewed and approved by the Boise State University Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board # EX 193-10-022.

]]> Dolores Benavente et al. Cell Phone Use and Psychological Correlates: An Explorative Study http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/12 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/12 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:14 PDT Cellular phone technology has experienced extraordinary growth in popularity and availability. No longer are cell phones a status symbol, or a tool for the elite business man or women, but an essential part of everyday communication between significant others, friends, family and loved ones, and coworkers. Little is known about the effects of the excessive use of cell phones; has it made lives better, or has it become detrimental to the social nature of human beings? To help improve knowledge in this area, an explorative, cross-sectional study of 130 Boise State University students was conducted using a constructed survey instrument. This survey consisted of fifteen questions that established demographic data, cell phone use, sleeping habits, and the degree of depression and stress felt by the participant. Convenience sampling techniques were used to disperse the 130 surveys. Analysis of the survey was performed using excel. Of the 130 participants in the study, 23.8% of the respondents were male, and 63.1% were female, and 13.1% did not answer. The vast majority of the respondents owned cellular phones (127) and 72.3% fell within the age range of 18-30 years of age. Evaluation of cellular phone use amongst users, and duration of sleep and feelings of stress showed strong correlations. For example, as cellular phone use increased so did the participants experienced stress (r=0.936). Also, the study found that sleep per night decreased as cellular phone use increased (r=-0.905). There was no statistical significance found in text messaging use and stated levels of sleep and experienced stress. The relationship between cellular phone use and stated feelings of depression failed to show significance. Lastly, the phenomenon commonly known as a “phantom ring”, which is defined as false auditory or physical sensation of a cell phone ring experienced by cell phone users, was assessed in the questionnaire. 71% of users had experienced phantom rings; however, there was no significant statistical relationship between the experienced phenomenon and amount of cellular phone use. In conclusion, there were statistical relationships between increased cellular phone use and experienced stress and sleep disturbances in the sample population. However, this sample may not be representative of the total population and selection bias may present. This survey does not intend to establish a cause and effect relationship, only to assess existing relationships between cellular phone use and psychological problems such as stress and depression. Since the survey instrument used was constructed for the purpose of this study and has not been tested for legitimacy, it is possible that results may not be valid. Additional research, possibly with a larger population, is needed to further the understanding of possible psychological correlations with excessive cell phone use. This study was reviewed and approved by the Boise State University Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board # EX 193-10-020.

]]> David Catchings et al. Survey of Cell Phone Use Among College Students http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/11 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/11 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:13 PDT The purpose of this project was to evaluate classroom cell phone use by students at Boise State University and to investigate the relationship between cell phone use and current course syllabi cell phone policies. A convenience sample of 126 participants was recruited from the Boise State University College of Health Sciences student population. Surveys were administered in seven classroom settings during November 2009 with instructors’ permission. Participation was voluntary and each participant was given the option to decline, withdraw from the survey, or leave questions blank. After agreeing to participate in the survey, respondents were given a paper questionnaire. Once the surveys were complete, the survey administrator collected the surveys and results were coded. Students were asked various questions regarding how often they use their cell phones in a classroom setting as well as policies in place in their classes regarding cell phone use. Students reported using their cell phones in class, with 55% of students sending an average of one text message per class period. Additionally although 85% of students are aware of classroom policies that prohibit cell phone use in the classroom, over half of the students did not adhere to these policies. Results from this study suggest that although many students find cell phone usage distracting to themselves or others, classroom cell phone policies do not deter cell phone use. In conclusion, this study identified cell phone usage patterns among Boise State University College of Health Sciences students and their perception of what is appropriate cell phone behavior in the classroom. The study also provided insight into changing cell phone behavior at the college level. Further investigation of this topic is needed to insure that cell phone use, especially text messaging, does not negatively impact classroom learning and behaviors. This study was approved by the Boise State Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board #193-10-024.

]]> Tabitha Ellis et al. Use of Cell Phone Technology Among Fitness Trainers in the Treasure Valley http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/10 http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/hs_10/10 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:55:12 PDT Inactivity has been implicated in the growing epidemic of life-style diseases like coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes; and it was the second leading actual cause of death in the U.S. in 2000 (tobacco use was the number one actual cause) according to Mokdad, Marks, Stroup, and Gerberding (2005). Recent research using mobile-phone technology and more specifically text messaging to encourage individuals to adhere to health-related programs has shown much promise (Patrick, Griswold, Raab & Intille, 2008). Results have shown text messaging can improve adherence to physical activity programs, weight loss programs, and diabetes programs (Franklin, Waller, Pagliarit & Greene, 2006; Hurling, Catt, Bonie, Fairley, Hurst, Murray, Richardson & Sodhi, 2007; Patrick, Griswold, Raab & Intille, 2008; Patrick, Raab, Adams, Dillon, Zabinski, Rock, Griswold & Norman, 2009). Fifty surveys were distributed to fitness trainers throughout the Treasure Valley and 28 were returned. Seventy-six percent of personal trainers use cell phone technology with clients. The two most common uses of mobile phone technology reported were personal phone calls and text messaging. Seventy percent of personal trainers use one or both methods. Less than 20% of the trainers used special applications. Qualitative measures were used to examine the most common perceived benefits of cell phone technology. The most popular uses were to improve client accountability and for appointment reminders. Data supported previous research results. Twenty-two personal trainers surveyed believed text messaging improved client adherence to a program. Eighty-six percent of the personal trainers surveyed believed cell phone technology/text messaging will become a required tool in their profession. This study was reviewed and approved by the Boise State University Human Subjects Research and Institutional Review Board # 193-10-025.

]]> Sheri Latta et al.